Armature for dynamo-electric machines



N. R. HAAS.

AHMATURE FOR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES.

APPLICATION F1150 11:11 14.1910.

1,406,184. Patented Feb. 14, 1922.

3 SHEETSSHEET lwm- M W @1074 N. R. HAAS. ARMATURE FUR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES. APPLICATION FILED JULY 14.15am.

Patented Feb. 14, 1922.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2- N. R. HAAS.

ARMATUHE FOR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14.1919.

1,40 Patented Feb. 14, 1922.

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I i 1' 4/ 4244 [Z/[ZJYQEEQF F a. [57 1720] Q arrz g f5 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NELQON 3. EMS, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE DAYTON ENGINEERING LABORATORIES COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ARMATURF! FOR DYNAMO-ELECTRIG MACHINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 14, 1922.

Application filed July 14, 1919. Serial No. 310,789.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NELsoN R. Hints, a citizen of the United States of America, re siding at Dayton, county of Montgomery, State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Armatures for Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact descriptio A This invention relates to the construction of armatures for dynamo-electric-machines for internal-combustion engines, and especially to the type of machine used in the electrical system of an automobile.

This invention is adapted especially for use in the construction of starting motors for automobile engines, or for use in the construction of dynamoelectric-machines which may be used either as starting motors or as generators, such machines havin what is commonly known as double-woun armatures.

The chief object of the present invention is to construct an armature having one or more sets of windings which will occupy the least possible space. While carrying out this object it is a further aim of the invention to increase the efliciency of certain magnetic circuits included in the dynamo-electric-machine. One manner of carrying out this further aim of the invention is to construct the armature core in such a manner as to decrease the reluctance of the core teeth.

Other and further objects and advantages of the present invention will be a parent from the following description, re erences being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein a preferred embodiment of the present invention is clearly shown.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a double-wound armature constructed in accordance with the resent invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3-is an end view of the armature shown in Fig. 1, as viewed from the right of the drawing, said view being partly in section, the section being taken on the line 3--3 of Fig. 1; i

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary end view of the armature core showing certain of the windings in position, and showing the method of assembly of certain other windings;

Fig. 5 is an end view of one of the hairpln loops included in one of the sets of windlugs;

ig. 6 is a plan view of the same;

Fig. 7 is a wiring diagram of the heavy or (flat bar windings of the electric machine an Fig. 8 is a wiring diagram of the relatively fine winding of the electric machine.

Referring to the drawings, 20 designates the armature shaft which carries an armature core 21 which is preferably laminated. This core is provided with a cylindrical periphery from which extend a plurality of equidistant grooves 22. Each of these grooves 22 includes a relatively narrow portion 23 adjacent the core periphery and a relatively wider portion 24 further removed from the core periphery.

Before winding the armature, the grooves are lined with insulation material 25 in any suitable, well-known manner. The windings of relatively fine wire, generally known as the generator windings 30, are then wound in position on the armature core in any desired fashion such as is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 8.

Referring to Fig. 8, 40 designates the generator commutator comprising a plurality of insulated segments. To one of these segments 41 is connected a generator winding 31 which extends, as shown in the diagram, through grooves 22 and through a groove 22, and then across to commutator segments 42 which are spaced substantially 180 from the segment 41. To commutator bar 43 is attached a second generatorv winding 32 which threads armature grooves 22 and 22 and crosses over to commutator bar 44 whlch is substantially 180 from bar 43. This style of windin is generally known as wave form and is requently employed in constructing generator armaturewindings of the drum type. Other pairs of windings thread each of the armature grooves in the manner illustrated in Fig. 8, so that each of the moves 22 is threaded by four sets of windings. In the embodiment of the invention shown, each winding comprises five turns so that each groove will contain 20 conductors as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4. These generator conductors are located hi the portions of the grooves which are farthest removed from the periphery of the armature core.

After all of the generator windings are applied in the manner indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 8, the fiat bar windings of the motor armature circuit are then placed in sition upon the armature core.

ese flat bar windings comprise a plurality of independent hairpin-shaped conductors or loops 50. as shown in Fi 6. Each of these loops 50 includes a branc 51 which is adapted to occupy the wider portion 24 of one of the rooves 22, and with a second branch 52 w ich is adapted to occupy a narrower portion 23 of one of the coves 22.

It will be noted wit-h reference to Fig. 3 that the cross-section of these bar conductors is substantially oblong or rectangular in shape. For purposes of comparison the major axis of symmetry or ma 0r axis of this bar section is designated by line 53 (see Fig. 5).

t will be noted that when the bars occupy the position shown in Figs. 2 and 4, a branc 51 occupies the wider portion 24 of one of the grooves 22 with its major axis 53 substantially parallel to the periphery of the core. At the same time the other branch 52 occupies the narrower rtion 2?: of another of the grooves 22 wlth its ma or axis 53 extending radially with respect to the core periphery or center of the core.

These hair in loops 50 are assembled in position by p acing the branches 52 of each of the loops in the wider portion 24 of all of the grooves, so. that each of the grooves is occupied by a branch portion 51. This step in the process of assembling is illustrated in Fig. 4, wherein the position of the loops 50, is shown in full lines. The next step in the operation is to move the loops toward the armature core in order that the branches 52 of the loops may be forced into the narrower portion 23 of one of the moves 22 and so that each branch 52 will e located outside of the branch portion 51 of another loop which occupies'the same groove.

It will be understood that these conductors are covered with some insulatin material such as insulating varnish or wit aninsulating sleeve in order that no electrical connection will be made between the branches of the hairpin loops which will occupy the same groove.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that several advantages result from the construction of a dynamo armature in accordance with the present invention. In the first place the diameter of the armature core may be considerably reduced. by reason of the fact that the major axis of the two commutator conductors which occupy the same groove are not in radial alinement relatively to the core. but are at right angles to one another as described and illustrated.

A second advantage ensuin from the construction described resides in t e fact that the portion of the armature grooves nearest the periphery can be made comparatively narrow, thereby tending to reduce the reluctance to the magnetic circuit ofi'ered by the armature core teeth, or that portion of the armature core included between adjacent ves. This reduction of reluctance of armature teeth results in higher efiiciency of the d amo-electric-machine, and consequently it follows that the external dimensions of the annature will be less than in the case of an armature wherein the reluctance of the teeth has not been reduced in the manner disclosed.

A still further advanta e resulting from the present invention is that the armature conductors are securely held in position in a very simple manner. The small generator conductors are held from flying upwardly due to centrifugal force, by means of the branch portions 51 of the bar conductors 50. After these bar conductors are assembled in position it will be seen that the portions 51 are locked in ition by the wider groove portions 24 ince these branch portions cannot turn, there is no possible chance of them flying out through the narrow groove portion 23 which is considerably narrower than the width of the branch portions 53. Therefore the armature core itself may be said to cooperate with the branch portions 51 to lock the same and the generator windings 30 in position within the armature core. The outer branch portions 51 of the loops are held in position by reason of their connection at one end with the inner branches 51 and by reason of their connection with the motor commutator 60 which will be described hereinafter. The branch portions 52 are firmly maintained in posi tion by the portions 51 by reason of the which connects these portions. This are eferring now particularly to Fig. 7 it will be seen that the commutator 60 comprises a luralit of insulated se ments 61 to which Is attac ed a branch ortion 51 and a branch portion 52 of each 0 two different hairpin conductors. For purpose of illustration, one of these conductors 50 will be described: To one of the commutator segments 61, designated more particularly as 61", is attached one end of a branch 51 of a conductor 50". The branch 51 contingues diagonally over to oove 22 through said oove and then t ough a substantially -sha ed bend in which it merges into the 'brane portion 52. Branch portion 52- extends through the wide portion of a groove '22" and then diagonally across, making a quarter turn at the same time, and into engagement with a commutator bar 61" which is substantially 180 from the bar 61. This form of windings is known as a wave form andcommonly employed in apments for. the purpose of makings, good 4 electrical connection therewith and in order maintaining the said that the commutator segments may assist in branch portions 52 securely in pvosition.

' hile the foregoing describes an armature for a dynamo-electric-machine having afield surrounding the armature, it is to be understood that the invention may be applied as well to the construction of armatures which are arranged to rotate around the exterior of a centrally disposed field.

While, the form of mechanism herein shown and described constitutes a preferred form of embodiment of theinvention, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

What I claim is as follows:

1. In an armature of a dynamo-electricmachine, the combination with an armature core having a cylindrical periphery and rovided with spaced grooves extending rom the periphery, eac of the said rooves having a relatively narrow ortion a jacent said periphery and a relatively wider portion fart er removed from said periphery; a plurality of bar conductors arranged to occupy the wider and narrower portions of said grooves and means for conducting current to and from said bar conductors.

2. In an armature of a dynamo-electricmachine, the combination with an armature core having a; cylindrical periphery and rovided with spaced grooves extending mm the periphery, each of the said coves having a relatively narrow portion a jacent riphery and a relatively wider portion arther removed from the said periphcry; of flat bar conductors arranged to occupy the wlder portions of said grooves with their major axes substantially parallel to the core periphery, and flat bar conductors arran d to occupy the narrower portions of said grooves with their major axes extending radially of the core; and

means for conducting current to and from said lbar conductors.

3. In an armature of a dynamo-electricmachine, the combination with an armature core having a cylindrical periphery; and provided with spaced grooves extending from the periphery, each of said grooves having a relatively wider portion farther removed from said periphery; of fiat bar conductors constructed of a continuous strip of conducting material each having a branch portion arranged to occupy the wider portion of one ofsaid its ma or axis substantiall parallel with the core periphery, aving' another portion arranged to occupy the narrower portion of another slot with its ,ma'or axis extending radially of the core; an means for conducting current to and from said bar conductors.

4. In an armature of a dynamo electricmachine, the combination with an armature core having a cylindrical periphe and rovided with spaced grooves exten ing rom the periphery; of flat bar conductors arranged to occupy portions of said grooves adjacent said perip cry with their ves with I major axes extending radially of the core, an

flat bar conductors arranged to occupy the grooves. farther removed from the core 1periphe with their major axes substantia y para el with the core periphery; and means for conducting current to and from said bar conductors.

5. In an armature of a dynamo-electricmachine, the combination with an armature core having a cylindrical periphery and provided with spaced grooves extending from the peri hery; of flat bar conductors constructedo a continuous strip 'ofconducting material each having a branch portion arranged to occupy a portion of oneof said grooves adjacent the core peri hery with itsmajor axis extending radially of said periphery, and having another. portion arranged to occupy a portion of another of: said grooves farther removed from said periphery with its parallel with the core periphery; and means for conducting current to and from said the portions of bar conductors.

occu of said grooves; a plurality of relatively fine wire conductors arranged within said grooves in portions thereof farther remov from said core periphery and from said bar conductors; means of conducting current to and from said bar conductors; and means for conducting current to and from the fine wire conductors.

7. In an armature of a dynamo-electricmachine, the combination with an armature core having a cylindrical periphery an provided with spaced grooves extending from the periphery, each of said grooves having a relatively narrow portion adjacent said eriphery and a relatively wider portion arther removed from said periphery;

.B1d err hery and a rela with - adjacent said of flat bar conductors arranged to occupy the er of said 1 eyes h i s e b t ti llr rtfil l h c "ii fi li imehflfl tl er efld te arranged to occupy the narrower portions of said igro'oyesNinth their major axes extending radia'liy of the core ;"a' plurality of relatively" fine conductors arranged within said rooves 'rti'oiis' thereof' farther remove sai eore'periphery and from said bar conductors meanefor conducting current 'tdand from' said bar conductorsand means for conducting current to and iro v the fine wire conductors.

8; In an armatiiie of a dynammelectricmachine, the comb nation with an armature core having acyl'indrical periphery and provided "with spaced grooves extending from the periphery, eac of said grooves having a relatively narrow portion adjacent lvely wider portion ,art er removed fromsaid j riphery; of fiat bar conductors constructed iif a continnous strip of conducting material each having a branch portion arranged to occupy the wider portion of one of said .grooves' with its major axis substantially parallel with the core periphery, and havmg another branch portlon'arranged to occupy the narrower portion of another slot its major axis extending radially of the core; a plurality of. relatively fine wire conductors within said grooves 1n portions thereof farther removed from said core periphery and from said bar conductors; means of conducting current to and from said bar conductors; and means for conducting current to and from said fine wire conductors. v

9. In anarmature machine, the combination with an armature core having a cylindrical periphery and provided with spaced grooves extending from the periphery; of flat bar conductors arranged to occupy portions of said grooves periphery with their ma'or axes extending radially of the core, and at bar conductors arranged to occupy portions of the grooves farther removed from the core periphery with their major axes substantlally parallel with the core periphery; a plurallty of relatively fine wire conductors arranged within said grooves in portions thereof farther removed from said core periphery and from said bar conductors; means for conducting current to and from said bar conductors; and means for conducting current to and from the fine wire conctors.

10. In an armature of a dynamo-electricmachine, the combination with an armature core having a cylindrical periphery and provided with spaced grooves extending from 1 core provided with of a dynamo-electric the periphery; of flat bar conductors constructed of a continuous strip of conducting material each having "a branch portion arranged to occupy a' portion done of said grooves adjacent the core major axis extending radially of said perlphery, and having another branch portion arranged to occu y a portion of ano her of said grooves farther removed from said periphery with its'major axis substantially parallel with the core periphery; a plura'lity relatively fine wire conductors arranged within said grooves in portions thereof farther removed from Said core periphery and from said bar conductors; means for conducting current to and from said bar conductors; and means for conducting current to' and from the fine wire conductors.

11. In an armature for a d namo-electricmachine, the combination w th a plurality ar conductors each including branch its major axis arranged another; of an armature grooves extending from the periphery thereof, for receiving the branch portions, said, core being constructed and arranged'so that said grooves coo crate with a certain branch portion of eac conductor to lock the same in position; and a commutator having segments to which the branch portions are connected, said segments cooperating to maintain the branch portions in position and to prevent unlocking the said ertain branch portions from the armature core.

12. A conductor for armatures of flat bar stock bent into hairpin formation and having each branch arranged to occupy portions of spaced slots in an armature core, said branches being relatively disposed so that the major axis of one branch will extend radially of the core and the ma'or axis of the other branch will be paralle to the core periphery.

13. A conductor portions having at an angle to one for armatures of fiat bar stock bent into hairpin formation and having each branch arranged to occupy portions of spaced slots in an armature core, said branches being relatively disposed so that the major axis of one branch will extend radially of the core and the ma'or axis of the other branch will be parallel to the core pcriphery. and so that said second mentioned branch will be located further from the core periphery than said first mentioned branch.

Tn testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

NELSON R. HAAS.

periphery with its I 

